Compare Macau (2002) - French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003)

Compare Macau (2002) z French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003)

	Macau (2002)	French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439) 15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables	-
Airports	1 (2001)	none (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.	The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.
Birth rate	12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.15 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)	-
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	antarctic
Coastline	41 km	1,232 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	-
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
Currency	pataca (MOP)	-
Death rate	3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$1.5 billion (1998)	-
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong	none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international	none	"Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	-
Economy - overview	Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.	Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.
Electricity - consumption	1.476 billion kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - exports	1 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	175 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	1.4 billion kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other	-
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms	-
Exports	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)	-
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras	-
Exports - partners	US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	0.5% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	43 00 S, 67 00 E
Geography - note	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland	islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)	-
Imports - commodities	clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock	-
Imports - partners	China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)	-
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	-
Infant mortality rate	4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-2% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region	-
Labor force	218,000 (2001)	-
Labor force - by occupation	restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)	-
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.78 years male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Map references	Southeast Asia	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	not specified	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,596,194 GRT/5,924,475 DWT ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 4, chemical tanker 14, container 15, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 17, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	-
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	-
Natural hazards	typhoons	Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Natural resources	NEGL	fish, crayfish
Net migration rate	9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]	-
Population	461,833 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.) note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.75% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Macau	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Radios	160,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	-
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	176,902 (November 2001)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	158,251 (November 2001)	-
Television broadcast stations	0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)	-
Terrain	generally flat	volcanic
Total fertility rate	1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	6.5% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	none	none

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